Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) represent a revolutionary approach in cancer treatment by combining the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies with the potency of cytotoxic drugs. However, the unique complexity of ADCs introduces a range of analytical challenges. This white paper explores these critical challenges, focusing on the characterization, stability, and potency of each ADC component. It highlights the need for comprehensive and customized analytical strategies to ensure the safety, efficacy, and consistency of these therapeutics. From ensuring antibody integrity and linker stability to accurately assessing payload potency and drug-to-antibody ratios, each step demands precision to navigate the intricate pathways of ADC development.